Four countries abstained: the United States, Cameron, Comoros and Tanzania. The representative of Malaysia, on L.61, said his delegation is not able to support the draft as a whole. The Middle East faces significant nuclear proliferation risks. The Committee retained preambular paragraph12 by a recorded vote of 126in favour to 17against, with 23abstentions, by which the Assembly would negotiate a legally binding instrument to prohibit nuclear weapons, leading to their total elimination. Calls upon all other States, especially those with a special responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, to render all assistance to the Director General by facilitating the implementation of this resolution; and. It would have the Assembly call for a review of nuclear doctrines and, in that context, immediate and urgent steps to reduce the risk of unintentional and accidental use of nuclear weapons, including through de-alerting and de-targeting nuclear weapons. He strongly urged it to refrain from pursuing the ambition of becoming a military Power. Acting without a vote, the Committee then approved L.19 on Mongolias international security and nuclear-weapon-free status, by which the Assembly would invite Member States to cooperate with Mongolia to consolidate and strengthen its independence, as well as its nuclear-weapon-free status. By a recorded vote of 115in favour to 38against, with 11abstentions, the Committee retained operative paragraph2, by which the Assembly would call on all States to immediately engage in multilateral negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament, including under the Treaty. 10485. So, Israel asked for a vote on this draft decision to stop the hypocrisy. The Jerusalem Post Customer Service Center can be contacted with any questions or requests: Breakup of the UNGA vote on the risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, October 28, 2022 (credit: UN WEB TV/SCREENSHOT), Sign up for The Jerusalem Post Premium Plus for just $5, Upgrade your reading experience with an ad-free environment and exclusive content, Copyright 2023 Jpost Inc. All rights reserved, on the path to developing nuclear weapons. General statements on the nuclear weapons cluster were made by representatives of the United States, Japan, Myanmar, Mongolia, Malaysia and Cuba. I (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I and II)), part I, section entitled Article VII and the security of non-nuclear-weapon States, para. The annual resolution submitted by Egypt to the UNGA in New York was sponsored by the Palestinian Authority and 19 counties including Bahrain, Jordan, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates. Among its other provisions, it urges the Conference on Disarmament to commence as early as possible substantive work, including the immediate commencement of negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear weapons convention. The principle of non-first use is not credible during nuclear escalations. The momentum must be reinvigorated despite of or because of the very difficult circumstances. Calls upon all States in the region to extend their fullest cooperation to the Director General in the fulfilment of the tasks entrusted to him in the preceding paragraph; 7. The Committee approved L.42 as a whole by a recorded vote of 118in favour to 42against, with 20abstentions. The Committee retained the operative paragraph5 by a recorded vote of 160in favour to 1against (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea), with 9abstentions (Bhutan, Cuba, Egypt, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria) abstentions. Prior to voting on the text as a whole, it took a recorded vote on preambular paragraph5, which would have the Assembly recall the decision adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and call on all States not yet party to the Treaty to accede to it at the earliest date, particularly those that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities. There is no more justification, therefore, to refrain from updating the substance of the resolution. AS DELIVERED. Preambular paragraph3 does not adequately reflect the NPT as the cornerstone of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. In fact, it strives to make nuclear weapons more palatable and calls into question the NPTs indefinite extension. Regarding L.17 on the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, she said that it was the first legally binding instrument that stressed the illegal nature of those weapons. The Committee retained the operative paragraph6 by a recorded vote of 163in favour to 2against (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, India), with 6abstentions (Bhutan, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria). Affirmsthe urgent need for all States in the Middle East to forthwith accept the application of full-scope Agency safeguards to all their nuclear activities as an important confidence-building measure among all States in the region and as a step in enhancing peace and security in the context of the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ); 3. As the only country to have endured atomic bombs during war, Japan will make every effort to realizing the goal, and hoped for the support of Member States for the resolution. Every year, the resolution was adopted by the General Assembly. (e)Recognizingthat full realization of these objectives would be promoted by the participation of all States of the region, (f)Commendingthe efforts of the Agency concerning the application of safeguards in the Middle East and the positive response of most States in concluding a full-scope safeguards agreement, and. Preambular paragraph5 contains no reference to the consecutive failures of the NPT Review Conferences to adopt a substantive outcome document. Some nuclear-weapon States, as mentioned in preambular paragraph6, does not correctly describe the concern of non-nuclear-weapon States correctly. 16. International Conferences and Side Events, Responsibilities of Civil Society Partners, Risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East GA resolution. The vote was 147 "yes" votes, 6 "no" votes (Canada, Israel, Micronesia, Namibia, Palau, United States), and 21 . Japan had expanded the resolution by building on selected elements from the draft final document of the tenth NPT Review Conference, which was not adopted in what was an unprecedented consecutive failure. 4). The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East : The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East : resolution / adopted by the General Assembly 2019 Formats Add to. On L.22 on follow-up to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, he said that, as a whole, he is in favour, but will abstain from voting on preambular paragraph18 and operative paragraph2, as Pakistan has not taken part in the negotiations, due to various substantive shortcomings. Calling on States outside of the NPT to accede to the Treaty and accept IAEA safeguards is at odds with the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. as an urgent priority and called upon all States not yet parties to the Treaty to accede to it at the earliest date, particularly those States that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities. Concerning L.42, he said that nuclear disarmament should be accorded the highest priority. Based on lessons we have learned, however, there are measures that could be taken to mitigate these risks. It is a step in the wrong direction and sets back the nuclear disarmament agenda. 16. Acting without a vote, the Committee approved the draft resolution on the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty L.30, by which the Assembly would call on African States that have not yet done so to sign and ratify the Treaty as soon as possible. It would condemn the six nuclear-weapon tests by the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea. Emphasizingthe need for all parties directly concerned to consider seriously taking the practical and urgent steps required for the implementation of the proposal to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and, as a means of promoting this objective, inviting the countries concerned to adhere to the Treaty and, pending the establishment of the zone, to agree to place all their nuclear activities under Agency safeguards. The representative of France said that her delegation will vote in favour of L.61 as a whole but will abstain from voting on preambular paragraphs13 and14. By William C. Foster. According to the draft, the Assembly would note the decision of the Parties to the NPT to hold the first session of the Preparatory Committee in Vienna from 31July to 11August2023. Nothing less than total elimination of nuclear weapons will suffice as a guarantee against their catastrophic humanitarian consequences. Syria has been in non-compliance with its IAEA safeguards agreement and the NPT for more than a decade, and still refuses to cooperate with the IAEA's investigation. Updated March 2021 A major concern about the spread of peaceful nuclear energy programs is the possibility that facilities constructed for use in a nuclear energy program could eventually be used to produce nuclear weapons. 1. Cherry picking from it is inadvisable. Next, the Committee considered the draft resolution, entitled Reducing nuclear danger (document A/C.1/77/L.58). He encouraged political realities. I (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I and II)), part I, section entitled Article IX. Despite this, the resolution did not mention Iran. 9. Overall, 191 countries are party to the treaty, including Iran but not Israel. Next, the Committee approved operative paragraph19 by a recorded vote of 150in favour to 1against (India), with 16abstentions, by which the Assembly would call for the early entry into force, universalization, and strict observance of the CTBT. Before taking action on the draft as a whole, the Committee retained preambular paragraph6 by a recorded vote of 141in favour, 3against (Israel, Republic of Korea, United States), with 26abstentions. Acting without a vote it approved the draft resolution Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia (document A/C.1/77/L.49). Notingthat Israel remains the only State in the Middle East that has not yet become party to the Treaty. For information media. Further calls uponall States in the region to take measures, including confidence-building and verification measures, aimed at establishing a NWFZ in the Middle East; 8. Operative paragraph 1 was retained by a separate recorded vote of 163 in favour to 2 against (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, India), with 6abstentions (Bhutan, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria). Indias reckless launch of its missiles into Pakistan is another testament to the widening divide between its words and actions. The fundamental flaws in this document far outweigh its few positive points. (c)Concernedby the grave consequences, endangering peace and security, of the presence in the Middle East region of nuclear activities not wholly devoted to peaceful purposes. ROSANIS ROMERO LPEZ (Cuba) called on States to vote in favour of draft resolutions L.7, L.13, L.17, L.22, L.37, L.42, and L.58. Speaking next on behalf of the United States and the United Kingdom on L.17 on the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, she said that the best way to achieve a world without nuclear weapons is to follow a progressive approach taking into account the security environment. The Committee approved L.2 as a whole by a recorded vote of152 in favour to5 against (Canada, Federated States of Micronesia, Israel, Palau, United States), with24 abstentions. The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East. that one hundred and seventy-six States have signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. He introduced the draft resolution entitled Follow up to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons (document A/C.1/77/L.22). The Committee approved L.52 as a whole, by a recorded vote of 179in favour to 1against (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea), with 5abstentions (India, Mauritius, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria). By its terms, the Assembly would reaffirm the vital importance of the entry into force of the Test-Ban Treaty as a core element of the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime, including specific actions to be taken in support of its entry into force. He reiterated his urge for the third year in a row for the sponsor of the resolution to delete preambular paragraph9, which notes the peace negotiations in the Middle East, and operative paragraph4, which notes the importance of the ongoing bilateral Middle East peace negotiations and the activities of the multilateral working group on arms control and regional security in promoting mutual confidence and security in the Middle East, including the establishment of the zone. The Committee next voted to retain operative paragraph16, by 152in favour to 2against (North Macedonia, Pakistan), with 12abstentions, by which the Assembly would call for the immediate commencement of negotiations in the Conference on Disarmament to ban the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons. In March, at least 4 million people will receive just half of what they need to get by.korea, Highlights of General Assembly 77th Session, High-level meetings of the 77th session of the General Assembly, Intergovernmental Conference on Marine Biodiversity, Fifth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Speaking in explanation of vote before the vote, the representative of, Before taking action on that draft, the Committee, by a recorded vote of 136in favour to 3against (North Macedonia, Russian Federation, United States), with 29abstentions, retained preambular paragraph10, which notes continued efforts towards nuclear disarmament, including through the Secretary-Generals. Far too many regional States have yet to sign and bring into force the Agencys Additional Protocol. Calling the draft blatantly one-sided, contentious, and divisive, Israel argued that draft's bias stemmed from the failure to acknowledge that the real risk of . Then, the Committee took up the draft resolution Ethical imperatives for a nuclear-weapon-free world (document A/C.1/77/L.46), by which it would call on States to acknowledge the catastrophic humanitarian consequences posed by nuclear weapon detonations and would declare that the global threat of nuclear weapons must be eliminated. Introduced by Myanmar, the draft (document A/C.1/77/L.42) required four separate recorded votes before the whole was adopted by vote of 118 in favour to 42 against, with 20 abstentions. She will not support, nor ratify or sign the Treaty. Another problem is the assertion that efforts should be carried out with respect to humanitarian consequences. July 1965. The representative of China said that his statement was made in the context of this cluster, and he does not wish his statement to be interrupted again by other countries. Israel was the only country that opposed the text. This newly unveiled nuclear strategy is set to have a negative impact on global stability and security. The resolution largely targets Israel, which is believed to be one of only nine nations to possess nuclear weapons. Then, it retained operative paragraph 19, by a recorded vote of 150 in favour to 1 against (India), with 16 abstentions, by which the Assembly would call for the early entry into force, universalization and strict observance of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The draft resolution does not feature a substantive amendment. Concernedabout the threats posed by the proliferation of nuclear weapons to the security and stability of the Middle East region. He is also unable to vote for operative paragraph9, as it would endanger the NPTs integrity without mentioning nuclear disarmament. Welcomesthe conclusions on the Middle East of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;6. It borrows entire passages from it, and those are the most controversial and most politicized passages. Sign-up to get UN updates, incoming events straight to your inbox, Arms control and regional security issues, Monthly Bulletin (Action by UN System and IGOs Relevant to Question of Palestine), Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs. In a debate on the matter earlier this month, an Israeli deputy ambassador to the UN Michal Maayan said the NPT is only as relevant as the level of compliance and is not a remedy for the unique security challenges of the Middle East. The Committee approved L.46 as a whole by a recorded vote of 131in favour to 37against, with 13abstentions. Prior to approving the draft as a whole, the Committee retained preambular paragraph11 by a recorded vote of 112in favour to 39against, with 13abstentions. 'The Conference on the Establishment of a Middle East Zone Free of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction' was held between November 14-18, with the sole purpose of creating new standards of accountability that, as should have always been the case, be applied equally to all Middle Eastern countries. The representative of the Russian Federation, explaining his position on the resolution entitled Steps to Building a common roadmap towards a world without nuclear weapons (document A/C.1/77/L.61), said the sponsors of this draft were not able to achieve the goal they set for themselves, namely, to propose an effective and yet realistic road map to advance towards a world free of nuclear weapons. Before taking action on that draft, the Committee, by a recorded vote of 136in favour to 3against (North Macedonia, Russian Federation, United States), with 29abstentions, retained preambular paragraph10, which notes continued efforts towards nuclear disarmament, including through the Secretary-Generals Securing Our Common Future: An Agenda for Disarmament. In addition to being the sole nuclear weapon state in the Middle East, Israel is also the only country that has not acceded to the NPT Treaty or signed a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the IAEA. The United States cannot endorse a resolution that focuses solely on regional NPT universality while ignoring compliance. It would decide to include the item in the provisional agenda of its next session. The resolution, submitted by Egypt and supported by all members of the Abraham Accords, called on Israel to "accede to the Treaty without further delay" and . not "develop, produce, test or ot It is regrettable that consensus is no longer achievable on L.1 on establishing a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East. China has reacted with predictable anger to this week's official announcement of the . China has the ability and confidence to safeguard its national security interest. 3United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. On Friday, the First Committee also approved with 170 votes including Iran a call for a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East. The Treaty ignores the context of international security and regional challenges. Operative paragraph1 was retained by a separate recorded vote of 163in favour to 2against (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, India), with 6abstentions (Bhutan, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria). It would also urge States that have not done so to sign and ratify the Treaty. Mongolia considers nuclear disarmament, nonproliferation and complete elimination of the nuclear weapons and the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones to be the best and most effective means of building a world free of nuclear weapons. The Committee then approved the draft decision on nuclear disarmament verification, L.26, by a recorded vote of179 in favour to none against, with2 abstentions (Iran, Syria), by which the Assembly would recall a spate of related resolutions and note that the group of governmental experts to further consider nuclear disarmament verification issues has commenced its work. Even more troubling, some officials in the region made public comments that question their commitment to their State's NPT obligations. It states that improvements in existing nuclear weapons and the development of new types violate States legal obligations on nuclear disarmament and contravene the negative security assurances provided by the nuclear-weapon States. Arab states and Iran have long shared the view that Israel's nuclear weapons . As a result, China will vote against L.17 and L.61, including on the separate paragraphs. Next, the Committee considered the draft resolution Follow up to the advisory opinion of the international Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons (document A/C.1/77/L.22), by which the Assembly would call on all States to immediately engage in multilateral negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament, including under the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, [on the report of the First Committee (A/60/466)], 60/92. 4 min read. The vessels will carry conventional weapons and the nuclear reactors will be sealed shut and not . The Chair then suspended the meeting until Monday. The Committee next approved, by a recorded vote of141 in favour to12 against, with31 abstentions, the draft resolution L.16 on the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons, by which it asked the Assembly to call on all States to prevent the use of nuclear weapons, their proliferation, and to achieve nuclear disarmament, as well as urge them to eliminate the threat of these weapons of mass destruction. Cognizantthat the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the region of the Middle East would pose a serious threat to international peace and security. The United States strengthened the role of nuclear weapons in its doctrine and lowered the threshold for their use. Its unconditional non-first use and negative security assurances policy has been his countrys contribution to the world. Recallingthe decision on principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 11 May 1995,2in which the Conference urged universal adherence to the Treaty3as an urgent priority and called upon all States not yet parties to the Treaty to accede to it at the earliest date, particularly those States that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities, Recognizing with satisfactionthat, in the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Conference undertook to make determined efforts towards the achievement of the goal of universality of the Treaty, called upon those remaining States not parties to the Treaty to accede to it, thereby accepting an international legally binding commitment not to acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices and to accept Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities, and underlined the necessity of universal adherence to the Treaty and of strict compliance by all parties with their obligations under the Treaty,4. Instead of analyzing the experience of the tenth Review Conference of the NPT and creatively rethinking it, the sponsors essentially are proposing approval of the very same document. The five nations that opposed Friday's resolution on the "risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East" were: Canada, Israel, Micronesia, Palau and the United States. A draft resolution on the risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East was submitted by Egypt on behalf the League of Arab States. SHIVANAND SIVAMOHAN (Malaysia) stated that the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons remained a crucial milestone in the collective efforts of the international community to achieve a world without nuclear weapons. The course will be instructed by renowned experts on WMD non-proliferation, arms control, disarmament, export controls, verification and related subjects from SIPRI and other European research centres, think tanks . He urged the United States to abandon its cold war mentality and adopt a responsible nuclear policy. The vote was 160 in favour to 1 against (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea), with 9 abstentions (Bhutan, Cuba, Egypt, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria). The representative of China said that his statement is intended to show the logic behind his countrys vote. It would encourage States that have already subscribed to the Code to explore further ways and means to deal effectively with the problem of the proliferation of ballistic missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. By its terms, the Assembly would condemn the six nuclear tests conducted by the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea and call on that country to abandon its nuclear weapons programme. Speaking in explanation of vote before the vote, the representative of South Africa said he would vote no on the resolution on building a common roadmap towards a world free of nuclear weapons (document A/C.1/77/L.61). By a recorded vote of 118in favour to 50against, with 14abstentions, the Committee approved L.57 as a whole. From Seoul to Warsaw, Belarus and beyond, more nations are looking to acquire or host nuclear arms from the US, Russia and possibly Iran down the road. It underlines the importance of convening, as a priority, a United Nations high-level international conference on nuclear disarmament to review progress made in this regard. It also approved, by a recorded vote of 113in favour to 38against, with 12abstentions, preambular paragraph18, which says that the Treaty contributes to achieving the objective of a legally binding prohibition on developing and the threat or use of nuclear weapon and their destruction under effective international control. 2); (c)Called upon that State to accede to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons without further delay and not to develop, produce, test or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons, and to renounce possession of nuclear weapons, and to place all its unsafeguarded nuclear facilities under full-scope Agency safeguards as an important confidence-building measure among all States of the region and as a step towards enhancing peace and security (para. 2. It seems to be more about moving towards nuclear disarmament than about attaining it. It should dismantle its offensive weapons already deployed or under development. As the Secretary-General rightly warned, this was a time of nuclear danger not seen since the height of the cold war. 1. The Treaty is arguably in a state of crisis, which, if not addressed expeditiously, will affect its integrity and credibility amid heightened geopolitical tensions. From 2023, along with training Australians, US nuclear-powered subs will increase port visits to Australia, joined three years later by more visits from British-owned nuclear-powered subs. For decades now, Iran has been rapidly advancing its illicit nuclear programs and currently possesses large quantities of highly enriched nuclear material, Maayan charged. (g)Recallingits resolution GC(49)/RES/15. 4 See 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. According to that provision, the Assembly would urge all States to sign and ratify the Treaty, particularly those whose ratification is needed for its entry into force. He said Iran will vote in favour of L.2 on the risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East as it reflects the concern of the solid majority of States that the Israeli regime as the only non-party to the NPT in the region is the source of the nuclear proliferation there. Among its other provisions, the text calls for the immediate commencement of negotiations in the Conference on Disarmament to ban the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons, and the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Mr. OSAGAWA (Japan) said that every year since1994, it submitted a resolution on the elimination of nuclear weapons laying out a pragmatic path to realizing a world free of nuclear weapons. 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