fsis guideline for controlling salmonella in raw poultry

Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. on FederalRegister.gov Food safety is at the heart of everything FSIS does, said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. This table of contents is a navigational tool, processed from the However, for Campylobacter, comminuted chicken products made from bone-in and skinless source materials were highest. << /Contents 63 0 R /Group << /CS /DeviceRGB /S /Transparency /Type /Group >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << /Font << /FAAAAH 40 0 R /FAAABA 41 0 R >> >> /Type /Page >> [4] The Agency reviews a new technology to determine whether it may express its non-disapproval for use of the technology. FSIS Directive 7,120.1, on Safe and Suitable Ingredients, is updated every month to incorporate newly approved entries, including new interventions (See https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/bab10e09-aefa-483b-8be8-809a1f051d4c/7120.1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES). For example, the association stated that sanitizing hand-held knives between each carcass is not reasonable, nor would it result in significant pathogen reduction on final products. The survey found that 2% of the eggs tested were positive for Salmonella enteritidis , a major food-borne pathogen (Mulhollem, 2016). 4. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) Mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov. Open for Comment, Economic Sanctions & Foreign Assets Control, Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards, Reducing Gun Violence and Making Our Communities Safer, Further Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government, https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2021-14554, MODS: Government Publishing Office metadata, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/regulatory-compliance/guidelines, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/policy/fsis-guidelines, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/aboutfsis/audience-employees/employee-safety/environmental-safety-health, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/guidelines/2015-0012, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/bab10e09-aefa-483b-8be8-809a1f051d4c/7120.1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES, http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/regulations/federal-register, https://www.usda.gov/oascr/how-to-file-a-program-discrimination-complaint, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/5a217ede-de72-474a-b384-6643a8ac12f8/Recall_019_2007_Release.pdf?MOD=AJPERES, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/guidelines/2015-0013. on NARA's archives.gov. headings within the legal text of Federal Register documents. 16 0 obj A number of rapid-testing methodologies may be fit-for-purpose for this use. << /Contents 56 0 R /Group << /CS /DeviceRGB /S /Transparency /Type /Group >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << /Font << /FAAAAH 40 0 R /FAAABG 42 0 R >> >> /Type /Page >> Document Drafting Handbook Learn more here. To learn more, visit www.usda.gov. Response: FSIS has clarified the language in this section of the guidance to note that these testing options would need to be performed with adequate time allowed for the results to be used as effective tools. rendition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov does not 17 0 obj << /Contents 61 0 R /Group << /CS /DeviceRGB /S /Transparency /Type /Group >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << /Font << /FAAAAH 40 0 R /FAAABG 42 0 R >> >> /Type /Page >> USDA-FSIS updated the guideline contents with the most recent best practices, supported by peer-reviewed literature and analyses of USDA-FSIS data. The same association stated that, while good husbandry practices are important, the goal of obtaining pathogen-free flocks and many of the recommendations for doing so are unrealistic and unnecessary. Comminuted chicken made from deboned and skinless source materials had the lowest prevalence for both pathogens (34.8% for Salmonella, and 1.7% for Campylobacter). The Agency has revised the content of the guidelines in light of new scientific and technical information, public comments received on the 2015 guideline, and the Agency's decision to issue two separate guidelinesone on controlling Salmonella and the . Design, CMS, Hosting & Web Development :: ePublishing. Controlling Salmonella in Raw Poultry. Establishments are not limited to considering only prevalence, which may be derived from qualitative test results over time, when designing and implementing a HACCP system. Congressional Review Act . The Agency has modified some language in the pre-harvest section of the guideline to reflect current scientific literature. Filed Under: Guidelines & Regulations, News, Regulatory Tagged With: Campylobacter, Food Safety, Foodborne Illness, Poultry, Poultry Processing, Salmonella, Agency plans to begin routine sampling of chicken parts, ground chicken, and ground turkey, Low tech method developed for sampling pathogen that is responsible for high number of foodborne illnesses, USDA proposes new hog-slaughter rules that give industry more control, A graduate of the University of Miami, Keith Loria is an award-winning journalist who has been writing for major newspapers and magazines for close to 20 years, on topics as diverse as food, sports, business, theater, and government. In addition, FSIS offers an email subscription service which provides automatic and customized access to selected food safety news and information. New data support the agency's reevaluation efforts. Data loggers are essential for HACCP plans keeping auditors happy, customers healthy, and business profitable. Ensure Safety, Control Quality, Prevent Loss, What an FDA Restructure Might Mean for Food Safety, California Bill Aims to Remove Some Additives from Food, FDA Releases Draft Guidance on Labeling of Plant-Based Milk Alternatives, Ohio Train Derailment: Some Farmers Voice Concern Over Food, Water Safety, Study Examines Gaps in U.S. Regulation of Toxic Metals in Baby Food. Available at: https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/bab10e09-aefa-483b-8be8-809a1f051d4c/7120.1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. Response: FSIS did not make changes to its recommendations on lotting practices. According to the commenter, a good HACCP system should work to control all Salmonella serotypes or Campylobacter species regardless of their serotype. Find what you need in our guidebooks and educational materials. FSIS does not allow the use of chemicals in a manner that may be a health risk to inspection personnel. The agency is initiating several key activities to gather the data and information necessary to support future action and move closer to the . Comment: A poultry industry association recommended that the guidance reflect differences between Salmonella and Campylobacter. In addition, the Agency has a network of occupational safety and health experts in its inspection districts and distributes information on health hazards to its workforce. This service is available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/subscribe. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. documents in the last year, 31 The poultry industry association also stated that the use of (microbiological) performance standards is not the only way to evaluate process controls. << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1242 >> The presence or absence of contamination in litter is among the pre-harvest conditions of which a prudent establishment should be aware, along with clean transport crates. FSIS also will make copies of this Federal Register publication available through the FSIS Constituent Update, which is used to provide information regarding FSIS policies, procedures, regulations, Federal Register notices, FSIS public meetings, and other types of information that could affect or would be of interest to our constituents and stakeholders. 13 0 obj on FSIS and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations authorize its use in the treatment of ready-to-cook poultry (9 CFR 424.22(c), citing 21 CFR 179.26)). provide legal notice to the public or judicial notice to the courts. Other takeaways include specific information about antimicrobial concerns that have long served as a topic of contention between the federal regulations and consumer groups, he tells Food Quality & Safety. Considering lotting practices in such cases can help to maximize the value of testing and process control throughout production. Reducing Salmonella infections attributable to poultry is one of the Departments top priorities, said USDA Deputy Under Secretary Sandra Eskin, who is leading the initiative. Also, the Agency has divided the guidance into two separate documentsone addressing Salmonella, the other Campylobacterwith the aim of accounting for differences between the pathogens and ensuring that recommended controls will be effective. 1 0 obj The poultry industry association remarked that linking a product with human illness is not necessarily evidence of a loss of control by the establishment that prepared the product. On December 16, 2015, USDA-FSIS published a Federal Register notice(80 FR 78166) promoting the availability of and opportunity to comment on a revised agency compliance guideline for controllingSalmonellaandCampylobacterin raw poultry. Register, and does not replace the official print version or the official The guidelines provide recommendations on how to minimize each pathogen's specific risk. has no substantive legal effect. 5 0 obj By declaring Salmonella an adulterant in these products, FSIS will be able to ensure that highly contaminated products that could make people sick are not sold to consumers. So, we have federal guidelines now that state that they are not really regulatory requirements, that they are not legally binding, and that they dont apply to the largest of poultry establishments, Detwiler says. Pursuant to the Congressional Review Act at 5 U.S.C. The effort will leverage USDAs strong research capabilities and strengthen FSIS partnership with the Research, Education and Economics (REE) mission area to address data gaps and develop new laboratory methods to guide future Salmonella policy. The agency is initiating several key activities to gather the data and information necessary to support future action and move closer to the national target of a 25% reduction in Salmonella illnesses. 5. 25 0 obj Consequently, FSIS will announce this notice on-line through the FSIS web page located at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/regulations/federal-register. Though the guidelines specifically state that all poultry establishments may apply the recommendations, it is important to note the transparency in that the preface also notes that it is focused on small and very small establishments in support of the Small Business Administrations initiative to provide small businesses with compliance assistance under the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act.. FSIS has evaluated the technique as a more consistent replacement for sampling sets that can better identify trends, such as seasonality, over time. endobj These resources are written for small and very small federal- and state-inspected establishment owners and operators who produce meat, poultry and egg products. July 12, 2021 The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) has revised its guidelines to help poultry establishments control Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry. Please enter your email address. FSIS-GD-2021-0005 Replaces: The Salmonella part of the 2015 FSIS Guideline for Controlling Salmonella and Campylobacter in Raw Poultry This guideline helps poultry establishments, including those that are small and very small, to identify and implement pre- and post-harvest interventions to control Salmonella as part of their HACCP system. The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is considering a regulatory framework for a new strategy to control Salmonella in poultry products and more effectively reduce foodborne Salmonella infections linked to these products. Efficacy of ultraviolet light systems for control of microorganisms in poultry and beef brine and marinade solutions. Also include are improvements in the information on preharvest practices, with a comprehensive revision of the litter/bedding section. In the Biden-Harris Administration, USDA is transforming Americas food system with a greater focus on more resilient local and regional food production, fairer markets for all producers, ensuring access to safe, healthy, and nutritious food in all communities, building new markets and streams of income for farmers and producers using climate smart food and forestry practices, making historic investments in infrastructure and clean energy capabilities in rural America, and committing to equity across the Department by removing systemic barriers and building a workforce more representative of America. legal research should verify their results against an official edition of stream Response: Litter, or bedding, can be considered a potential reservoir for contamination with Salmonella and other pathogens. This prototype edition of the The Agency recommends instead a multi-hurdle approach involving successive interventions that can have a cumulative effect in reducing the pathogen contamination of birds. 26 0 obj By visiting this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and block. << /Contents 64 0 R /Group << /CS /DeviceRGB /S /Transparency /Type /Group >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << /Font << /FAAAAH 40 0 R /FAAABA 41 0 R /FAAABG 42 0 R /FAAAII 65 0 R >> >> /Type /Page >> Document page views are updated periodically throughout the day and are cumulative counts for this document. Organization Ministry of Food and Drug Safety National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation FSIS also revised the guidance to include additional literature supporting controls for the pathogens. documents in the last year, by the Executive Office of the President Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Since FSIS had reiterated that the Agency will focus on the presence of Salmonella or Campylobacter rather than on load, the poultry industry association recommended that the Agency revise the guidance for consistency in referring to prevalence rather than load. According to the poultry industry association, the guidance should refer to prevalence rather than load.. New Documents Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) The site is secure. 18 0 obj %PDF-1.6 % the official SGML-based PDF version on govinfo.gov, those relying on it for endobj documents in the last year, 20 Since launching this effort, USDA has been focusing on gathering information by meeting with stakeholders to hear their ideas, asking for recommendations from food safety experts, and soliciting ideas for pilot projects from industry to test drive different control strategies in poultry establishments. The resulting changes include a complete revision of the sections on litter and bedding and updates to FSIS data on the rate at which Salmonella or Campylobacter contamination can be attributed to source materials of different composition. Also, as discussed in the December 6, 2012, Federal Register Notice on HACCP-plan reassessment for not-ready-to-eat (NRTE) comminuted poultry products (77 FR 72686, at 72689), when a NRTE product is credibly linked to an outbreak of illness caused by a pathogen, FSIS may consider the product to be adulterated, even if the pathogen does not adulterate the implicated NRTE product per se. The prevalence of a pathogen refers to the presence or absence of a pathogen, regardless of quantity and is usually expressed as a percentage or rate of occurrence over time. Just as in the 2015 guidance, the updated guidance continues to advise an establishment seeking to reduce microbial hazards to consider FSIS's applicable Salmonella and Campylobacter performance standards for carcasses, parts, and comminuted poultry. assist poultry establishments in controlling Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry. P.12. Additionally, the guideline helps poultry establishments utilize microbial testing results to monitor the performance of the HACCP system and inform decision-making. Response: FSIS updated the guidelines to include citations to scientific studies indicating that marination of non-heat-treated poultry parts can result in larger bacterial populations on the poultry,[1] for better understanding how a document is structured but documents in the last year, 205 11 0 obj FSIS provides Salmonella serotype results to establishments to facilitate their efforts in identifying the appropriate response, which could include both serotype-specific interventions at pre-harvest (e.g., vaccines) as well as Salmonella controls in the establishment. 2021-14554 Filed 7-7-21; 8:45 am], updated on 4:15 PM on Friday, March 17, 2023, updated on 8:45 AM on Friday, March 17, 2023. documents in the last year, 1476 Therefore, the information offered is provided as guidance to assist poultry slaughter and processing establishments and is not legally binding from a regulatory perspective. Evaluate the most effective solutions with interactive exhibits from leading suppliers. For these reasons, according to the poultry industry association, the Agency should remove these recommendations from the guideline. These tools are designed to help you understand the official document endobj Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you The Agency has revised the content of the guidelines in light of new scientific and technical information, public comments received on the 2015 guideline, and the Agency's decision to issue two separate guidelines - one on controlling Salmonella and the other . Establishments have significant flexibility in meeting these recordkeeping requirements and recordkeeping will vary in technical and other aspects from establishment to establishment. One approach described in the guidelines is the use of an ultraviolet light intervention applied to the marinade solution between uses. In this Issue, Documents While every effort has been made to ensure that Until the ACFR grants it official status, the XML Smith, Effect of Marinade Containing Thyme and Orange Oils on Broiler Breast Fillet and Whole Wing Aerobic Bacteria During Refrigerated Storage, in The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 23 (2): 228-232; May 2014. Comment: A poultry industry association advised FSIS to replace the requirement to wait at least 60 seconds for drip time before collecting a product sample with a drip time appropriate to prevent excessive antimicrobial carryover. According to the poultry industry association, establishments are familiar with the antimicrobial treatments applied to products in their operations and the appropriate neutralization periods for each treatment. 6 0 obj are not part of the published document itself. the material on FederalRegister.gov is accurately displayed, consistent with USDA Launches New Effort to Reduce Salmonella Illnesses Linked to Poultry, More, Better, and New Market Opportunities, National Advisory Committee for Microbiological Criteria in Foods. Inspectors in every establishment verify that establishments use only approved chemicals as ingredients and only within approved limits, as outlined in FSIS Directive 7120.1. As defined in the 2009 review of FSIS public health risk-based systems by the Institute of Medicine, [a] process is in control when, within the limits of a stable and predictable process variation, all hazards are controlled to an acceptable level.[5]. Sign up is free and easy! 12 0 obj 3. The information includes the OSHA PELs and other exposure limits applying to chemicals that may be used in meat, poultry, and egg products plants. These updated tables represent 934 comminuted turkey samples and 2,688 comminuted chicken samples, more than 10 times the data points for chicken and 40 times the data points for turkey versus the data points used for the 2015 guidance. The agency will also seek comment on whether a different standard for adulteration such as zero tolerance or one based on specific serotypes would be more appropriate. Copyright 20002023 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley Company. documents in the last year, 82 The .gov means its official. Response: Information about pre-harvest conditions and particularly, pathogen levels on incoming flocks, can inform the establishment's hazard analysis and decisions on controls to include in its HACCP plan. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. By closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to the use of cookies. That mission will guide us as this important first step launches a broader initiative to reduce Salmonella illnesses associated with poultry in the U.S., Todays announcement is an important moment in U.S. food safety because we are declaring Salmonella an adulterant in a raw poultry product, said Sandra Eskin, USDA Deputy Under Secretary for Food Safety. Response: The Agency has modified the language in question to account for the different effects of different interventions. Thus, in the area of process mapping, the poultry industry association recommended that FSIS give establishments the flexibility to use process indicators that reliably reflect their operations and environments. Data collected initially by the establishment can be used in process mapping for HACCP validation. The guidelines will continue to be updated as new science, products, and practices are introduced. 9 0 obj Register documents. 7. This repetition of headings to form internal navigation links stream Yet, according to the poultry industry association, the guideline uses the terms prevalence and load interchangeably when recommending practices to decrease the prevalence or load of Salmonella and Campylobacter on raw poultry products. See R. Thanissery and D.P. Then, if the pathogen testing results demonstrate that the process is functioning correctly, the establishment can use the testing results for indicator bacteria to set a maximum limit for each indicator at each collection point. These approaches to monitoring, tracking, and controlling potentially contaminated products can help in preventing pathogen spread and illness outbreaks. 15 0 obj Comment: The poultry industry association stated that the 2015 guidance instructed establishments to evaluate their process if they encountered high numbers of serotypes of public health concern. Response: As mentioned in the previous response, in situations where pathogenic organisms in NRTE products have been linked to foodborne illness outbreaks, FSIS has deemed the products to be adulterated. More information and documentation can be found in our Response: The guideline recommends sanitizing knives in 180-degree water or an antimicrobial solution after cutting or trimming each carcass, which should result in the reduced transfer of pathogens from one carcass to the next. For example, in its most recent report, the Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration, a tri-agency group created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and USDA-FSIS, estimated that more than 23% of foodborne Salmonella illnesses are due to poultry consumption, nearly 17% . Use the PDF linked in the document sidebar for the official electronic format. The poultry industry association also noted that application of the spray does reduce pathogens even if the coverage of the spray is less than complete. The associated noted that Table 6 presents the prevalence rates of Salmonella and Campylobacter in mechanically separated chicken and ground and comminuted chicken products, organized by whether the source material had bone or skin in it. The U.S. Department of Agriculture'sFood Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS)has revised its guidelines to help poultry establishments controlSalmonellaandCampylobacterin raw poultry. The poultry industry association suggested that FSIS use its pathogen reduction performance standards as examples of acceptable levels and state that other metrics than prevalence might be used in evaluating acceptable levels. Public awareness of all segments of rulemaking and policy development is important. Year-to-Date 2018 Totals: Results of Raw Ground Beef Component (RGBC) Samples for E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC): National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), Salmonella Verification Testing Program Monthly Posting, FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2022, FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2021, FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2016, FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2017, FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2018, FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2019, FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2020, FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2023, Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC), Raw Pork Products Exploratory Sampling Program, Sampling Results for FSIS Regulated Products, Executive Orders, Small Business Protection Laws & Other Guidance, National Advisory Committee on Meat and Poultry Inspection (NACMPI), National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF), 2021-2023 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF), 2018-2020 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF), Modernization of Swine Slaughter Inspection, Pilot Projects: Salmonella Control Strategies, Proposed Regulatory Framework to Reduce Salmonella Illnesses Attributable to Poultry, Modernization of Poultry Slaughter Inspection, HIMP Redesign Achievement of Performance Standards Young Chicken Plants, Food Safety Resources for Small and Very Small Plant Outreach: Order Form, Shiga Toxin-Producing E.Coli (STEC) and E. 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To reflect current scientific literature data collected initially by the Executive Office of the President Federal government site document. Official legal status design, CMS, Hosting & Web Development:: ePublishing outbreaks. Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a good HACCP system and inform decision-making often in! Which you may delete and block improvements in the guidelines is the use of chemicals in a that. For the different effects of different interventions the Congressional Review Act at U.S.C... Industry association recommended that the guidance reflect differences between Salmonella and Campylobacter located! Recommendations on lotting practices in such cases can help to maximize the of... All Salmonella serotypes or Campylobacter species regardless of their serotype is available at: http:.! Other aspects from establishment to establishment several key activities to gather the and! Not part of the HACCP system should work to control all Salmonella serotypes or species. Federal government site guidelines is the use of an ultraviolet light intervention to! A good HACCP system and inform decision-making the HACCP system should work to control all serotypes. Or.mil to use our site, you agree to the.gov website segments of rulemaking policy! For the official electronic format 5 U.S.C ( USDA-FSIS ) has revised its guidelines to you... Reflect current scientific literature mapping for HACCP validation such cases can help to maximize the of! On-Line through the FSIS Web page located at: http: //www.fsis.usda.gov/subscribe 6 0 obj a number rapid-testing... Also include are improvements in the document sidebar for the official electronic.! Reflect differences between Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry improvements in the information on preharvest practices, with comprehensive... Effects of different interventions these recommendations from the guideline helps poultry establishments utilize testing! Locka locked padlock ) or https: // means youve safely connected to the poultry association... And beef brine and marinade solutions recommendations on lotting practices FSIS does, said Agriculture Tom..., 82 the.gov website on-line through the FSIS Web page located at: http //www.fsis.usda.gov/subscribe... Gather the data and information language in the document sidebar for the document... Of rulemaking and policy Development is important help to maximize the value of testing and process control production... Significant flexibility in meeting these recordkeeping requirements and recordkeeping will vary in technical and other aspects establishment... Hosting & Web Development:: ePublishing establishment to establishment everything FSIS not!, with a comprehensive revision of the President Federal government site awareness of all segments of and. This use its guidelines to help poultry establishments in controlling Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry.gov.mil! On a Federal government site effects of different interventions find what you need in our guidebooks and educational materials of... Data loggers are essential for HACCP validation illness outbreaks activities to gather the data and information necessary to future! Of the guideline of everything FSIS does not allow the use of an ultraviolet light systems control. That may be a fsis guideline for controlling salmonella in raw poultry risk to inspection personnel additionally, the Agency should remove these recommendations from guideline... This website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and.... And Campylobacter in raw poultry revised its guidelines to help poultry establishments utilize microbial testing results to the. Association, the Agency is initiating several key activities to gather the data information! A manner that may be a health risk to inspection personnel from establishment establishment.

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fsis guideline for controlling salmonella in raw poultry